HomeMethodology
Methodology and sources
Data last verified 27 October 2026. No figure on this site is typed in by hand: each one is parsed from a saved copy of a published source, checked word for word against that copy, and resolved by the written rules below.
How a verdict is made
- Data rate. The pixel clock comes from VESA's Coordinated Video Timings (CVT) formula. The headline uses reduced blanking v2; reduced blanking v1 and standard CVT are shown alongside. The data rate is the pixel clock times the bits per pixel: 3 samples per pixel for RGB/4:4:4, times the bit depth.
- Capacity. Each link is judged on its payload after line encoding, never its headline rating.
- Verdict. Pass if the data rate fits; Tight if it fits within 3% of the payload, to allow for audio and framing overheads not modelled; Fail if it doesn't fit.
- DSC. Where a link carries Display Stream Compression, the DSC verdict uses the lowest rate VESA's DSC standard allows (8 bits per pixel for 4:4:4), so it is labelled "at maximum compression", and each verdict shows the compression ratio needed, rounded up.
Results use PC monitor timings (VESA CVT reduced blanking v2 as the headline), not the TV and console timings in CTA-861, so a TV or console may need more bandwidth than shown. RGB/4:4:4 color.
How it is tested
The timing engine is checked against VESA's own CVT generator spreadsheet, recalculated for every mode on the site and more; every pixel clock and total must match. The verdicts are checked against published real-world cases, such as GPU and monitor specifications and VESA's own example configurations. A change that breaks either can't be published.
Flags and assumptions
- Single-source figures, shown with a dagger: HDMI 1.4; HDMI 2.1 (40 Gbps FRL). The HDMI Forum doesn't publish HDMI's encoding details, so they come from secondary sources, and a figure with only one is not shown as confirmed.
- Thunderbolt 3 is assumed to tunnel DisplayPort 1.2 (HBR2), because no public source states the version, shown with a double dagger.
- Thunderbolt 4 / USB4 40 Gbps is assumed to tunnel DisplayPort 1.4a (HBR3), which only a secondary source (Wikipedia) states, shown with a double dagger.
Rules for disagreements
- R0. Not a figure: a name, a type, or a flag explained in its note.
- R4. A link's capacity is its payload rate after line encoding, never its headline rate.
- R5. An HDMI encoding figure (TMDS, FRL) the HDMI Forum does not publish needs two independent secondary sources that agree; with one, the record is flagged single-source.
- R6. DisplayPort payload = lanes x lane rate x the coding factor in VESA's CVT generator: 0.9671 at 10 Gbps per lane and above (UHBR), 8/10 below.
- R8. DSC targets are the lower limits in DSC 1.2b and VESA's DSC Source Device Guidelines (8 bpp for 4:4:4, 7 for native 4:2:2, 6 for native 4:2:0); 8b/10b DisplayPort links add the DSC overhead in VESA's generator.
- R10. Thunderbolt and USB4 carry each display at the limit of the DisplayPort version they tunnel; where no primary source states that version, it is marked as an assumption.
- R11. A figure quoted verbatim from a primary source is used as given.
- R12. Where VESA documents disagree, the later errata (and the generator that implements it) wins, and the disagreement is logged.
- R13. A figure derived from quoted figures by the formula stated with it.
Sources
- VESA Standards (free standards list), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA Coordinated Video Timings (CVT) Standard, Version 1.2 (8 Feb 2013), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA CVT v1.2 Errata E2 (SCRs through 18 Jul 2021), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA CVT Standard, Version 2.1, retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA CVT v2.1 Generator Version 1 (spreadsheet; sheets CVTv2.1 and CVTv1.2a), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA Display Monitor Timing (DMT) Standard, Version 1.0 Rev 13, retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA Display Stream Compression (DSC) Standard, Version 1.2b (12 Aug 2021), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA DSC Source Device Guidelines r1.0, retrieved 27 October 2026
- Coordinated Video Timings (Wikipedia), retrieved 27 October 2026
- libdisplay-info cvt.h documentation, retrieved 27 October 2026
- ANSI/CTA-861.7 (CTA standards page), retrieved 27 October 2026
- CTA-861 Optimized Video Timing (OVT) Generator, retrieved 27 October 2026
- HDMI 2.2 Specification Technology Overview (hdmi.org), retrieved 27 October 2026
- HDMI Forum releases Version 2.0 of the HDMI Specification (2013), retrieved 27 October 2026
- HDMI 1.4b specification page (hdmi.org), retrieved 27 October 2026
- Ultra High Speed and Ultra96 HDMI Cables (hdmi.org), retrieved 27 October 2026
- Premium HDMI Cable Certification Program (hdmi.org), retrieved 27 October 2026
- New HDMI 2.1 Technology, part 1 of 2 (Black Box, 2021), retrieved 27 October 2026
- HDMI 2.1 FRL article (Allion Labs), retrieved 27 October 2026
- HDMI Cable and Connector introduction (Granite River Labs, 2019), retrieved 27 October 2026
- HDMI 2.0 spec published (The Register, 4 Sep 2013), retrieved 27 October 2026
- Hardent IP portfolio supports new features of HDMI 2.1 (2018 release), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA introduces DisplayPort v1.2 (7 Jan 2010), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA publishes DisplayPort Standard Version 1.4 (1 Mar 2016), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA rolls out early certification program for HBR3 products (4 Jan 2017), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA publishes DisplayPort 2.0 video standard (26 Jun 2019), retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA readies DisplayPort UHBR device certification and begins certification of UHBR cables, retrieved 27 October 2026
- VESA releases updated DisplayPort Alt Mode spec (29 Apr 2020), retrieved 27 October 2026
- USB-IF announces USB 80Gbps specifications (18 Oct 2022), retrieved 27 October 2026
- USB-IF Logo Usage Guidelines for USB Performance Logos (21 Jun 2024), retrieved 27 October 2026
- USB4 (Wikipedia), retrieved 27 October 2026
- Thunderbolt 5 Technology Brief (Intel, Sept 2023), retrieved 27 October 2026
- Introducing Thunderbolt 4: Universal Cable Connectivity for Everyone (Intel, 2020), retrieved 27 October 2026
- Thunderbolt 3 vs Thunderbolt 4 (Intel), retrieved 27 October 2026
Updates
The sources are re-checked once a year, after new standards are announced, and whenever a correction is reported. Every visible change is listed on the changes page.